Bottles of some notable commercial perfumes: (clockwise from top left) Bois De Violette, Serge Lutens, 1992; Angel, Thierry Mugler, 1994; Shalimar, Guerlain, 1925; Beyond Paradise, Estée Lauder, 2003; No. 5, Chanel, 1921 (Pre-1950 bottle); Cabochard, Parfums Grès, 1959 (original bottle); Bellodgia, Caron, 1927; Arpège, Lanvin, 1927 (original bottle); Nombre Noir, Shiseido, 1981; Mitsouko, Guerlain, 1919; Pour Un Homme, Caron, 1934.Shelves of perfumesEgyptian scene depicting the preparation of Lily perfume
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Perfume & Cologne

Perfume is a mixture of fragrant essential oils and aroma compounds, fixatives, and solvents used to give the human body, objects, and living spaces a lasting and pleasant smell. more...

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The amount and type of solvent mix with the fragrance oil dictates whether a perfume is considered a perfume extract, Eau de parfum, Eau de toilette, or Eau de Cologne.

Description of a perfume

It is impossible to describe a perfume according to its components because the exact formulas are kept secret. Even if the formulas are known, the ingredients are often too numerous to provide a useful classification. On the other hand, it is possible to group perfumes into olfactive families and describe them through the notes that appear as they slowly evaporate. Perfumes can also be classified according to their concentration.

Olfactive families

Traditionally, fragrances can be classified into several olfactive families, by the themes, or accords, of these fragrances.

  • Floral: Fragrances that are dominated by the scent of one or more types of flowers. When only one flower is used, it is called a soliflore (as in Dior's Diorissimo, with jasmine).
  • Chypre: Fragrances build on a similar base consisting of bergamot, jasmine and oakmoss. This family of fragrances is named after a perfume by François Coty by the same name. Meaning Cyprus in French, the term alludes to where this base was inspired. This fragrance family is characterized by a scent reminiscent of apricot and custard.
  • Aldehydic: Fragrances that incorporate the family of chemicals known as aldehydes. Chanel No 5 was the first aldehydic perfume (created by the royal Russian perfumer Ernest Beaux in 1921). Others include Je Reviens and Arpege. Aldehydic perfumes have the characteristic "piquant" note produced by materials like Aldehyde C12 MNA.
  • Fougère: Fragrances built on a base of lavender, coumarin and oakmoss. Many men's fragrances belong to this family of fragrances, which is characterized by its sharp herbaceous and woody scent.
  • Leather: A family of fragrances which features the scents honey, tobacco, wood, and wood tars in its middle or base notes and a scent that alludes to leather.
  • Woody: Fragrances that are dominated by the woody scents, typically of sandalwood and cedar. Patchouli, with its camphorous smell, is commonly found in perfumes of this fragrance family.
  • Orientals or ambers: A large fragrance class featuring the scents of vanilla and animal scents together with flowers and woods. Typically enhanced by camphorous oils and incense resins, which bring to mind Victorian era imagery of the Middle East and Far East.
  • Citrus: An old fragrance family that until recently consisted mainly of "freshening" Eau de colognes due to the low tenacity of citrus scents. Development of newer fragrance compounds has allowed for the creation of primarily citrus fragrances.

Read more at Wikipedia.org


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		1979 Old Spice Musk Men Vintage Photo Print Ad
		1979 Old Spice Musk Men Vintage Photo Print Ad 
		David Beckham Fragrances Advertisement free shipping! 2007 
		David Beckham Fragrances Advertisement free shipping! 2007

		Vintage Avon Noble Prince Dog Cologne Bottle Wild Count
		Vintage Avon Noble Prince Dog Cologne Bottle Wild Count 
		1966 The House of 4711 Cologne Vintage Photo Print Ad
		1966 The House of 4711 Cologne Vintage Photo Print Ad

		Luxor Perfume Ad - Shows Gift Sets
		Luxor Perfume Ad - Shows Gift Sets 
		1938 Coty Emeraude, L'Aimant, & Paris perfumes print ad
		1938 Coty Emeraude, L'Aimant, & Paris perfumes print ad

		Flamme De Gloire by Pleville Perfume Ad - 1927
		Flamme De Gloire by Pleville Perfume Ad - 1927 
		Redfern Perfume Ad - Ocean D'Amour & Soir Hindou 1930
		Redfern Perfume Ad - Ocean D'Amour & Soir Hindou 1930

		High John "The Conqueror Brand" Perfume-Herbs
		High John "The Conqueror Brand" Perfume-Herbs 
		Print Ad - Vanilla Fields Perfume 1996 magazine ad, hummingbird
		Print Ad - Vanilla Fields Perfume 1996 magazine ad, hummingbird

		1950s Coty Fragrant Perfume,Toilet Water,Face Powder,Makeup,​Boud oir Gift Sets Ad
		1950s Coty Fragrant Perfume,Toilet Water,Face Powder,Makeup,​Boud oir Gift Sets Ad 
		Print Ad - Vera Wang Princess Perfume 2010 magazine advertisement
		Print Ad - Vera Wang Princess Perfume 2010 magazine advertisement

		Duchess Of Paris Perfume Ad - Singapore Nights etc 1937
		Duchess Of Paris Perfume Ad - Singapore Nights etc 1937 
		Print Ad - Womanity Perfume 2010 magazine advertisement, Thierry Mugler
		Print Ad - Womanity Perfume 2010 magazine advertisement, Thierry Mugler

		Print Ad - Dolce & Gabbana Perfume 2010 magazine advertisement, Scarlett Johanss
		Print Ad - Dolce & Gabbana Perfume 2010 magazine advertisement, Scarlett Johanss 
		1939 Palmolive Dionne Quintuplets Canada Teaspoons Complete Set Of 5 Bowl
		1939 Palmolive Dionne Quintuplets Canada Teaspoons Complete Set Of 5 Bowl

		Vintage Avon Tai Winds Cologne Glass King Figure
		Vintage Avon Tai Winds Cologne Glass King Figure 
		1988 Ysl Opium Linda Evangelista perfume magazine ad
		1988 Ysl Opium Linda Evangelista perfume magazine ad

		Antique Art Glass Chatelaine Perfume
		Antique Art Glass Chatelaine Perfume 
		Ciro Perfume Ad - Bouquet Antique - 1927
		Ciro Perfume Ad - Bouquet Antique - 1927

		1931 Seventeen Perfume Says Lillian Roth Ad
		1931 Seventeen Perfume Says Lillian Roth Ad 
		Lucien Lelong Indiscret Perfume 1935 Art Deco Original Print Advertising
		Lucien Lelong Indiscret Perfume 1935 Art Deco Original Print Advertising

		Vintage Avon Phesant Decanter Wild Country Quail Bird
		Vintage Avon Phesant Decanter Wild Country Quail Bird 
		Vintage Avon Deep Woods Green Fish Cologne Bottle
		Vintage Avon Deep Woods Green Fish Cologne Bottle

		Print Ad - Flora Perfume 2010 magazine advertisement, Gucci
		Print Ad - Flora Perfume 2010 magazine advertisement, Gucci 
		Print Ad - Lucky 6 Perfume 2006 magazine ad
		Print Ad - Lucky 6 Perfume 2006 magazine ad

		Vintage Old Bottle Color Pink Glass Perfume Cologne Spray Atomizer
		Vintage Old Bottle Color Pink Glass Perfume Cologne Spray Atomizer 
		Perlerette by Volnay Perfume Ad - 1924
		Perlerette by Volnay Perfume Ad - 1924

		Imperial by Lengyel Perfume Ad - 1936
		Imperial by Lengyel Perfume Ad - 1936 
		1977 Guerlain Shalimar Perfume Clipper Ship Ad
		1977 Guerlain Shalimar Perfume Clipper Ship Ad

		Fleurs De Rocaille 1935 Caron Perfume Original Print Advertising
		Fleurs De Rocaille 1935 Caron Perfume Original Print Advertising 
		Print Ad - Pretty Perfume 2010 magazine advertisement, Elizabeth Arden
		Print Ad - Pretty Perfume 2010 magazine advertisement, Elizabeth Arden

		Fashion Advertisement*​Flai r by Yardley 1961
		Fashion Advertisement*​Flai r by Yardley 1961 
		Worth - Imprudence Perfume Ad - 1940
		Worth - Imprudence Perfume Ad - 1940

		Vintage Chanel No. 19 and Soaps, New Never Opened!
		Vintage Chanel No. 19 and Soaps, New Never Opened! 
		Prince Matchabelli - Stradivari Perfume Ad - 1948
		Prince Matchabelli - Stradivari Perfume Ad - 1948

		Noix De Coco Perfume by Yves Rocher 100 ml ~ Coconut !
		Noix De Coco Perfume by Yves Rocher 100 ml ~ Coconut ! 
		1968 Old Spice Burley - Start A Fire In A Woman Ad!
		1968 Old Spice Burley - Start A Fire In A Woman Ad!

		1966 Faberge France Cologne Vintage Photo Print Ad
		1966 Faberge France Cologne Vintage Photo Print Ad 
		1946 Aqua Velva After Shave Available Again Ad
		1946 Aqua Velva After Shave Available Again Ad

		Vintage Avon Cologne Bottles 2 Girls Dress Flowers
		Vintage Avon Cologne Bottles 2 Girls Dress Flowers 
		Vintage Eau De Cologne Chanel No # 5 Perfume 2 oz Unused with Box See Pictures
		Vintage Eau De Cologne Chanel No # 5 Perfume 2 oz Unused with Box See Pictures

		Vintage Original 1910s Savon Des Explorateurs French Soap Label Wrapper
		Vintage Original 1910s Savon Des Explorateurs French Soap Label Wrapper 
		Cosmetic trade card Lazell's unrivalled Perfumes Advertising reverse 
		Cosmetic trade card Lazell's unrivalled Perfumes Advertising reverse

		Vintage crystal Perfume bottle by Helen Dale with filigree metal cap
		Vintage crystal Perfume bottle by Helen Dale with filigree metal cap

		Lux Soap 1935 Yvonne Printemps Large Original Print Advertising
		Lux Soap 1935 Yvonne Printemps Large Original Print Advertising 
		1929 Djer-Kiss Perfume magazine Ad Face Powder Lipstick Rouge Seguso art w1305
		1929 Djer-Kiss Perfume magazine Ad Face Powder Lipstick Rouge Seguso art w1305

		Chanel No 5 Spray Perfume Original Magazine Advertisement 1967
		Chanel No 5 Spray Perfume Original Magazine Advertisement 1967 
		Drakkar Noir Perfume Promo Guy Laroche Racecar Toy
		Drakkar Noir Perfume Promo Guy Laroche Racecar Toy
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